
“Your valve is damaged, but you don’t need surgery yet.” It’s a sentence that confuses many patients. The answer lies in how cardiologists actually make this decision:

Breathlessness that seems to arrive earlier on the stairs than it used to. A tiredness that rest doesn’t quite fix. For many patients eventually diagnosed with heart

A friend mentions, almost in passing, that a routine ECG picked up “an old heart attack” they never knew they’d had. It sounds almost implausible, how do

A diagnosis of heart failure can feel frightening, especially when the words arrive without warning during a routine check-up or after a frightening night in the emergency











